These scenarios allow us to simulate different futures based on environmental policies and societal choices.
A sustainable future with ambitious emission reduction policies. Focus on renewable energy, global cooperation, and green growth.
A moderate pathway where current trends continue. A mix of fossil fuels and renewable energy, with moderate environmental policies.
A scenario of climate inaction. Increased reliance on fossil fuels, minimal environmental regulations, and rapid growth at the expense of sustainability.
Climate models (Global Circulation Models or GCMs) are advanced computer simulations that replicate interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and ice. They play a key role in climate risk analysis, helping researchers and decision-makers assess how different greenhouse gas emission scenarios could shape future climate conditions.
Developed by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), this model supports long-term climate projections and contributes to global climate assessments.
Created by the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) in Italy, this Earth System Model integrates atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical processes to simulate the global carbon cycle.
Developed by the French National Centre for Meteorological Research (CNRM), this model focuses on global and regional climate simulations.
Another model from CNRM, this version includes enhanced Earth system components, such as carbon cycle interactions, for deeper environmental analysis.
Developed in Australia by CSIRO and the Bureau of Meteorology, this model simulates interactions between climate and ecosystems with a focus on energy balance and carbon cycling.
From Russia's Institute for Numerical Mathematics (INM), this model is used to project global climate processes and interactions in the Earth system.
Developed by the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) in France, this model integrates atmospheric, ocean, and land components to simulate climate variability and change.
Developed through a collaboration between the University of Tokyo, NIES, and JAMSTEC in Japan, this model is widely used for global climate simulations under future socio-economic pathways.
Developed in the UK by the Met Office and academic partners, this model includes interactive chemistry and land surface components for comprehensive Earth system simulation.
Created by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany, this model is part of a long legacy of German contributions to climate science, focusing on coupled atmosphere-ocean processes.
Developed by the Meteorological Research Institute in Japan, this Earth System Model contributes to IPCC assessments and is used to understand climate change impacts globally.